Monday

Stefan Klotz, IMPMC, Sorbonne, France

Title: High Pressure: Making it, measuring it, and avoiding pitfalls

Abstract: This talk will give a general introduction to techniques and methods applied in the high-pressure community. I will start with an overview of high-pressure devices, their characteristics in terms of volume and maximal pressure as well as their typical applications. I then will discuss different methods how to measure pressure in situ, in particular with optical pressure sensors, discuss aspects of hydrostaticity and stress-strain relations. Finally, I will mention a number of frequently encountered pitfalls and how to handle them.

Ronald Miletich, Univ. Vienna, Austria

Title: X-ray Crystallography under Extremes - Constraints and Applications

Abstract: This lecture will describe limits, boundary conditions and possibilities to extract information from reciprocal space for state-of-the-art diffraction techniques. One dedicated focus is set to how to obtain precise data for lattice metrics. Moreover it will be illuminated, what kind of efforts must be undertaken to obtain structural information from Bragg peak intensities, that fulfil the criteria of IUCr standards. Examples related and applied to the evaluation of equations of state and to high-quality structure refinements of high-pressure data sets will be demonstrated.

Loïc Toraille, CEA, Paris, France

Title: Ultra-high pressure generation and hydrides synthesis.

Abstract : This lecture will describe experimental techniques for generating ultra-high pressures using diamond anvil cells, and recent observations in stress mapping in these ultra-high pressures conditions. We will then focus on hydrogen and hydride synthesis strategies, comparing different loading methods and highlighting the importance of sample quality to allow for physical measurements. Case studies from various systems will illustrate those challenges as well as discuss metastability and sample recovery.

Nakoi Ishimatsu, GRC, Ehime Univ., Matsuyama, Japan

Title: Local structure analysis under high pressure using nano polycrystalline diamond anvils

Abstract: Nano polycrystalline diamond (NPD) is useful for the material of anvils not only to generate high pressure but also to extract information of pressure-dependent local structure around the specific element by X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence holography. Recent applications of NPD to these spectroscopic techniques will be presented.

Tuesday

Denis Andrault, LMV, Univ. Clermont-Ferrand, France

Title: Phase transformations, chemical reactions and melting properties investigated in situ using the laser heated diamond anvil cell

Abstract: Cold compression inevitably induces deviatoric stresses in the sample chamber, even though the use of soft pressure medium can reduce them significantly. In addition, cold-compression often yields to metastable phases. Thermal energy is needed to overcome kinetic barriers in order to produce the polymorphic transformations and chemical reactions expected according to thermodynamics and phase diagrams. Laser heating (LH) is a tool of choice for diamond anvil cell (DAC) experiments. LH can be used to release deviatoric stresses, overcome kinetic energy barriers and perform in situ measurements of the sample properties in a broad range of pressures and temperatures. Still, LH must be used with great care to prevent experimental artifacts. Severe difficulties/limitations come from the mechanism of laser absorption by the sample itself, inevitable temperature gradients, possible chemical migration in the laser spot, etc. Basic experimental procedures have been developed to produce the best experimental conditions for various types of samples. The ESRF beamlines are exceptional tools to probe the sample properties using the LH-DAC. Phase transformations, chemical reactions, P-V-T equations of state, melting and others properties can be monitored and characterized finely. In situ measurements are also unique to characterize and improve the experimental conditions themselves.

Ilya Kupenko, ESRF, ID14/ID28

Title:  Advances in High-Pressure Nuclear Resonance and Inelastic X-ray Scattering Techniques at the ESRF

Abstract: In this talk, I will highlight recent developments in high-pressure techniques at the newly built nuclear resonance beamline ID14 and the inelastic X-ray scattering beamline ID28 at the ESRF. Two main types of techniques will be discussed: Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS) spectroscopy and inelastic scattering methods. SMS is a powerful technique for characterizing the electronic states of iron atoms, enabling accurate determination of oxidation and spin states, phase identification, magnetic structure, and phase transitions in iron-bearing alloys and compounds. Nuclear Inelastic Scattering (NIS) and Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS), in turn, are powerful tools for investigating lattice dynamics, providing access to vibrational and thermodynamic properties of materials and, in particular, to sound velocities. I will present examples of the first SMS experiments employing submicron spatial resolution, recent advances in high-temperature instrumentation for diamond anvil cell experiments coupled with NIS and IXS, and applications of these techniques to the study of geologically relevant materials

Nicolas Guignot, PSICHÉ beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, France

Title: LHDAC temperature determination

Abstract: This lecture will cover the theory behind temperature metrology using laser-heated diamond anvil cells and describe commonly used setups. We will focus on the advantages and limitations of each method, particularly within the context of synchrotron or free-electron laser (FEL) research. The discussion will highlight some practical examples.

Agnès Dewaele, CEA, Paris

Title: Phase diagrams of the elements measured with diamonds anvil cells

Abstract: Diamonds anvil cells, often coupled with laser heating on synchrotron X-ray diffraction beamlines, are efficient tools to scan the phase diagrams of the elements, and measure their equations of state P(V,T). I will illustrate this on a few metals, discussing metrology issues. I will also show that various phase transformations mechanisms can create wide pressure/temperature domains where metastable phases can be observed, and discuss how equilibrium phase diagrams could be obtained.

Maxim Bykov, Univ. Frankfurt, Germany

Title: Multigrain crystallography

Abstract: The lecture introduces the principles of multigrain crystallography as a method bridging the gap between powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It presents strategies for analyzing and indexing diffraction patterns originating from multiple crystalline domains within a single dataset, along with subsequent steps of data processing. Applications in high-pressure research are illustrated through examples of novel compounds discovered using this approach.

Jonathan Wright, ESRF, ID11

Title: Scanning 3DXRD and multi-grain crystallography at ID11

Abstract: ID11 offers a suite grain mapping methods that can exploit spotty X-ray data to see inside polycrystalline samples. The nanoscope endstation allows visitors to align and rotate tiny crystals in a sub-micron X-ray beam size."

Tiziana Boffa-Ballaran, University of Bayreuth, BGI, Germany

Title: Mineral physics at extreme conditions

Abstract: The variation with depth of the average primary and secondary wave velocities of 1-D seismic models can be explained in terms of composition and temperature profile of the Earth’s interior only if the elastic properties (i.e. bulk modulus and shear modulus) as well as the densities of the mineral phases expected at depth are known at the relevant pressure and temperature conditions. This talk will give an overview of how elastic properties of candidate minerals can be obtained at high-pressure and temperature combining X-ray diffraction, Brillouin scattering and laser heating diamond anvil cell techniques.

Wednesday

Nadège Hilairet, UMET, Univ. Lille, France

Mohamed Mezouar, ESRF ID27

José Antonio Alonso, CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Titel: High-pressure synthesis of metastable materials accessed under moderate conditions (P ≤ 3.5 GPa): oxides, chalcogenides, pnictides and hydrides.

Abstract: Many metastable materials can only be stabilized under high pressure conditions. In this talk, I will describe different families, including  perovskite oxides with transition metals in unusual oxidation states (e.g., RNiO3 with Ni3+, R = rare earths); double perovskites such as RCu3Mn4O12 with Jahn–Teller Cu2+ ions at A sites, pyrochlores derived from Tl2Mn2O7 with colossal magnetoresistance, pnictide skutterudites MxCo4Sb12 (M = La, Yb, Ce, Sr, K) with thermoelectric properties, or metal hydrides Mg2MHx (M = Fe, Co, Ni) and AMgH3 (A: alkali metals) with applications in hydrogen storage.

Jeroen Jacobs, HP sample environment, ESRF

Angelika Rosa ESRF BM23/ID24

Title: High-pressure X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Abstract:  In this presentation I will give an overview of the new experimental stations devoted to the studies of matter under extreme conditions at the X-ray absorption beamlines BM23 and ID24-DCM and illustrate the potential of the new setups for extreme conditions.

Benoit Cordonnier, ESRF, ID19/BM18

François Renard, Univ. Oslo, Norway

Title: Imaging processes that occur before and during earthquakes

Abstract: Thanks to the Extreme Brilliant Source and the recent developments of apparatuses that reproduce conditions of pressure and temperature that occur at depth in the Earth's crust, it is now possible to visualize earthquakes processes on real time. Using triaxial apparatuses, the preparation process of earthquakes can be unraveled, whereas shock experiments can reproduce the dynamic damage produced during an earthquake. Both are studied at ESRF.

Yangbin Wang, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Univ. Chicago, USA

Title: High-pressure research using large-volume presses at synchrotrons

Abstract: I plan to present an overview of high-pressure research activities using the large-volume press (LVP) at several synchrotron facilities around the world. The large sample volumes in LVP allow an integration of  X-ray diffraction and imaging with other in-situ probing techniques, to study a wide range of complex materials. Effects of dynamic processing (such as deformation, cyclic loading, and thermal cycling) on structural and physical properties of numerous such materials have been investigated. I will use examples to showcase the wide applications of LVP techniques for materials (especially earth and planetary materials) research.

Thursday

Jochen Geck, Institute of Solid State Physics, Univ. Dresden, Germany

Gaston Garbarino, ESRF, ID15b

Thomas Hansen, Ill, Grenoble, France

Christoph Sahle, ESRF ID20

Andrzej Katrusiak, Univ. Poznań, Poland

Title:  Physical and chemical transformations of compressed compounds

Abstract: Experiments in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) involve numerous parameters essential for the interpretation of the results. Pressure-induced transformations proceed either as the monotonic compression, phase transitions or chemical reactions. They can be affected by kinetics and experimental procedures. The compression of the crystals obtained at ambient conditions often leads to metastable phases. The stable ‘hidden’ phases can be accessed through the recrystallization, but it can nucleate new metastable phases, according to Ostwald’s rule, or to solvated compounds, if a pressure-transmitting medium (PTM), or a solvent, is involved. The stoichiometric solvation is immediately visible in the crystal structure, but undetectable by diffraction is a stochastic solvation on the surface or in the bulk of the sample. It affects the stability of phases and is manifested by subtle or huge changes of properties. The Le Chatelier principle and the free energy changes rationalize the structural transformations in compressed crystals.

Fabrice Wilhelm, ESRF ID12

Sofia Michaela Souliou, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Title:  Quantum materials under pressure

Abstract: Application of external pressure is a powerful ally in the quest for understanding and tuning materials, paving the way for designing novel systems with exotic properties. Quantum materials are particularly attractive in this perspective, as these are often governed by the interplay of various degrees of freedom, which can be enhanced or suppressed by small perturbations of external stimuli such as pressure. This lecture will focus on x-ray diffraction and scattering experiments on quantum materials under high pressure and low temperature conditions. Measurements under both hydrostatic and uniaxial compression will be discussed, analysing the specific technical challenges and experimental methodologies for each. Selected case-studies will be presented from systems exhibiting superconducting, magnetic and charge ordering.

Friday

Max Wilke, Univ. Potsdam, Germany

            Title: Introduction to resistively heated DACs combined with x-ray spectroscopy

Abstract: This lecture introduces resistively heated diamond anvil cells (DACs) and their applications. It covers the Basset-type (hydrothermal) DAC, optimized for experiments with aqueous fluids and melts at hydrothermal conditions. This DAC achieves up to 2 GPa and 800 °C, with precise temperature control (±0.1 °C), making it ideal for studying element speciation and solid–liquid equilibration. The lecture also presents DACs optimized for high-pressure applications up to 100 GPa and ~1300 °C, based on the LeToullec design, and heated via either an external heater ring or internal heaters around each diamond. Pressure in these DACs is determined using XRD or spectroscopic markers, while sample temperatures are measured on the diamond surface and controlled to 0.1 °C. The capabilities of both cell types will be illustrated through examples, particularly using X-ray spectroscopy.

Beatrice Ruta, Inst. Néel/ESRF ID10

Title: High-Pressure X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at 4th generation synchrotrons

Abstarct: The enhanced coherent flux at ESRF-EBS has extended the capabilities of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy to high X-ray energies, unlocking new scientific opportunities. In this talk, we present a dedicated setup for probing atomic dynamics in disordered systems under high pressure and temperature, along with recent applications in the study of glasses.

Sébastien Merkel, UMET, Univ. Lille, France

Title: Beyond powder or single crystal diffraction : multigrain crystallography in the DAC

Abstract : DAC samples can often be neither perfect powders nor single-crystals and  not appropriate for typical XRD data analysis procedures. Nevertheless, methods developed in the last 20 years allow reconstructing information from numerous crystalline grains inside a sample. This presentation will show the concepts of multigrain crystallography and its applications to DAC research.

Karen Appel, XFEL, Hamburg, Germany

Title: Capabilities of high pressure research at the HED-HIBEF scientific instrument at European XFEL 

Abstract: The HED-HIBEF scientific instrument opened to users in May 2019 and since then has enabled a couple of novel scientific applications in high pressure research including experiments with DACs and high power optical lasers. In this lecture, I will first focus on the unique European XFEL beam properties and then show unique research examples that exploit these covering results from MHz diffraction in a DAC and high resolution spectroscopy in dynamically compressed matter.

Denis Testemale, Institut Néel, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, France

Title: In situ spectroscopy of hydrothermal fluids: what can we learn with autoclaves and photons?

Abstract: In many research topics related to hydrothermal fluids where chemical reactions and equilibria are studied, data on metal speciation is essential. The near impossibility of using quenching methods, coupled with the transient nature of some chemical species, requires in situ spectroscopic techniques. In this context I will present autoclaves that have been developed in the last 20 years which are dedicated to this type of in situ measurements, and made available to the scientific community on the FAME and FAME-UHD beamlines at ESRF. I will summarize the X-ray absorption spectroscopic methods that have been developed and that benefit from these devices, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using autoclaves in the context of hydrothermal fluids and melts, through some examples.